Intravascular donor monocytes play a central role in lung transplant ischaemia-reperfusion injury

Kate Colette Tatham, Kieran Patrick O’Dea, Rosalba Romano , Hannah Elizabeth Donaldson, Kenji Wakabayashi, Brijesh Vipin Patel, Louit Thakuria, Andre Rudiger Simon, Padmini Sarathchandra, Harefield POPSTAR investigators, Nandor Marczin , Masao Takata. Thorax 2018 Apr;73(4):350-360. doi: 10.1136/
Full text at: – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5870457/

Rationale: Primary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients derives from the initial, largely leukocyte-dependent, ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Intravascular lung-marginated monocytes have been shown to play key roles in experimental acute lung injury, but their contribution to lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury post transplantation is unknown.

Objective: To define the role of donor intravascular monocytes in lung transplant-related acute lung injury and primary graft dysfunction.

Methods: Isolated perfused C57BL/6 murine lungs were subjected to warm ischaemia (2 hours) and reperfusion (2 hours) under normoxic conditions. Monocyte retention, activation phenotype and the effects of their depletion by intravenous clodronate-liposome treatment on lung inflammation and injury were determined. In human donor lung transplant samples, the presence and activation phenotype of monocytic cells (low side scatter, 27E10+, CD14+, HLA-DR+, CCR2+) were evaluated by flow cytometry and compared with post-implantation lung function.

Results: In mouse lungs following ischaemia-reperfusion, substantial numbers of lung-marginated monocytes remained within the pulmonary microvasculature, with reduced L-selectin and increased CD86 expression indicating their activation. Monocyte depletion resulted in reductions in lung wet:dry ratios, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, and perfusate levels of RAGE, MIP-2 and KC, while monocyte repletion resulted in a partial restoration of the injury. In human lungs, correlations were observed between pre-implantation donor monocyte numbers/their CD86 and TREM-1 expression and post-implantation lung dysfunction at 48 and 72 hours.

Conclusions: These results indicate that lung-marginated intravascular monocytes are retained as a ‘passenger’ leukocyte population during lung transplantation, and play a key role in the development of transplant-associated ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

Keywords: Innate Immunity; Lung Transplantation; Macrophage Biology.